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Area: 1483 sq. km.
Language: Hindi, English, Punjabi, Urdu.
Best Time to Visit: Oct, Nov, Feb and March.
However, winter is severe and
long from Nov to early March.
Capital City: New Delhi.
Population 9370475.
Climate: The summer season lasts from mid-March to the
end of June, with average maximum and minimum temperatures of
36º C and 25º C. The monsoon season, following the hot summer,
continues until the end of September, with an average rainfall
of about 26 inches. The winter season extends from late
November to mid-February. The coldest month is January, when
both the mean maximum temperature and the mean minimum
temperature are at their lowest--21º C and 7º C, respectively.
About Delhi: One of the oldest living cities of the world,
Delhi is History and Delhi’s monuments are tablets on which
history is written. Every conqueror did his be st to posses
Delhi and make it his capital. The present Delhi is actually a
combination of eight cities, which were established from time
to time by the rulers. The date goes back as early as 900 B.C.
to 1930 A.D. when the British completed the construction of
New Delhi as the capital of the imperial India. Thus the
monuments of Delhi present a various architectural styles.
Though the earliest references to the city are in Buddhist and
Jain scriptures, they can not be precisely dated. In the great
Indian epic, the Mahabharata, composed around 900 B.C., there
us a mention of a city named Indraprastha, build by the
Pandavas near the river Yamuna. This place probably was near
the premises of the present old fort.
CITIES OF DELHI:
The first city: In the 11th century A.D. Raja Anangpal
of Kanauj, a Tomar king built a fort and established Lal Kot
as his capital in the vicinity of the Qutab. This probably was
Delhi’s first known city.
Second city of Delhi: By the end of the 12th century,
Mohammed Ghori of Afghanistan invaded and occupied Delhi by
defeating PrithviRaj. He returned to Afghanistan but the Lal
Kot remained the capital till 1303 A.D. Later Khilji came and
defeated the Rajputs at Siri and constructed the second city
in the area, known as the Siri fort today.
The third city: The Tughlaks formed the third city of
Delhi in Tughalakabad. Ghyas –ud – din Tughlak founded
Tughalakabad which took four years to build but had to be
deserted soon after due to scarcity of water.
Fourth city: Sultan Mohammed bin –Tughlak constructed
the fourth city called the Jahanpanah, close to the Qutab to
protect his people, living in the plains, from invaders’
attacks.
The fifth city: Delhi’s fifth city was founded by Feroz
Shah Tughlak (1351 -88) and was named as Ferozabad. It was
located in the vicinity of the present Feroz Shah Kotla.
Sixth city: In the early 16th century, Mughal emperor
Humayun laid the foundation for the Sixth city of Delhi. It
was named the Deen –Panah and was located near the banks of
river Yamuna. Thus the Purana Qila or the Old Fort was erected
between 1533,-1534 A.D. But Humayun was forced to flee from
the fort by the invading Afghan warrior Sher Shah Suri. He
beautified the fort by constructing halls and mosque inside
the fort and ruled from here till 1555, when Humayun
recaptured the fort and returned to power.
The Seventh city: Shahajehanbad or the old city, as it
is known today, was founded and built by the Mughal emperor
Shahajehan. It was built between 1638 and 1649. This city
comprises of the famous Red Fort (Lal Qila), Jama Masjid,
Chandani Chowk and contains many fine examples of Mughal
architecture.
Eighth city: Present ‘New Delhi’ was formally
inaugurated in 1931, is also known as the Lutyen’s Delhi. The
British decided to shift the capital from Calcutta to Delhi
and therefore summoned two British architects, Sir Edwin
Lutyens and Sir Herbert Baker. They were asked to design a
city keeping with the grandeur of the country. This new city
is today’s capital of modern India. |
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